Cancer treatment options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy, and the type and the stage of the illness determine the treatment modality. This is where monitoring a patient undergoing cancer therapy becomes just as important as diagnosis. After diagnosis, imaging techniques such as x-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) can assist in locating cancer and determining its stage of development. Just as crucial as the results of imaging techniques, the use of laboratory tumor marker testing is a vital tool for monitoring cancer treatment. Tumor markers are substances produced by either cancerous or noncancerous tumor cells and not only play a role in diagnosis, but when measured before treatment can guide a physician’s therapy plan.
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